Penguins show record-breaking shift in breeding season

A decade-long Journal of Animal Ecology study found Antarctic Gentoo, Adélie and chinstrap penguins have shifted their breeding earlier by about 10–13 days, based on observations from 77 time-lapse cameras across 37 colonies.

Penguins in parts of Antarctica have shifted their breeding season earlier over the past decade, according to a study published in the Journal of Animal Ecology. Researchers monitored three species—Gentoo, Adélie and chinstrap—using a network of time-lapse cameras. The study links the timing changes to rising temperatures in the region and notes that species traits affect how quickly each adapts. Scientists report differing adaptation speeds among species, which could affect how they use land and food resources. Key findings: - The study recorded breeding seasons moving earlier by about 10–13 days, with Gentoos averaging a 13-day shift and Adélie and chinstrap about 10 days. - Researchers used 77 time-lapse cameras to observe 37 colonies across the Antarctic Peninsula and surrounding islands. - Gentoos, which can feed on fish as well as krill and remain near nesting areas year-round, showed the largest timing change. - Authors note that varying adaptation rates may change species interactions, colony locations and competition for resources. Summary: The research shows rapid changes in breeding timing among three Antarctic penguin species in a region warming faster than the global average. The differing rates of change may alter where and how species breed and feed, and researchers say they will study how these timing shifts affect population trends next.