Somalia's fight against extremist militants shows signs of progress.

Mogadishu's tightened security and intelligence-led operations have coincided with fewer major al-Shabab attacks in the capital, while clashes and shifting control of towns continue in southern regions such as Lower Shabelle.

Mogadishu has increased checkpoints, surveillance and intelligence-led operations as part of a government campaign against al-Shabab. Officials say these measures have reduced the frequency of large-scale attacks in the capital. The National Intelligence and Security Agency (NISA) is central to the effort, which is supported by African Union peacekeepers and international military advisers. Fighting continues outside Mogadishu, particularly in the Lower Shabelle region, where control of some towns has shifted repeatedly. What is known: - Authorities report fewer major attacks in Mogadishu and attribute that change to tighter security measures, intelligence sharing and a reinforced perimeter around the city. - Somalia's National Intelligence and Security Agency is leading the effort, with backing from African Union forces and outside military advisers. - Al-Shabab has retreated to parts of southern and central Somalia, and clashes persist in Lower Shabelle where towns such as Bariire have changed hands and residents have been displaced. Summary: Officials describe a decline in large-scale attacks in Mogadishu linked to stronger security and intelligence work, while conflict and contestation persist in southern regions. The overall security situation shows localized improvement in the capital but remains unsettled outside it. Undetermined at this time.