Heat pumps: which is best for your home?

Heat pumps move heat rather than burn fuel; most UK homes start with air source units while ground source systems suit properties with large gardens.

Heat pumps are increasingly discussed as an alternative to gas boilers because they can cut carbon emissions and heat more efficiently. Choosing the right system depends on the property, heating needs and how much upfront work is needed. These systems extract low‑level heat from the air or ground and upgrade it to provide heating and hot water rather than creating heat by burning fuel. Installation costs are generally higher than traditional boilers and clear information is often needed before deciding. Key facts: - Heat pumps transfer heat from outside air or ground and use electricity to raise that heat for home heating and hot water. - Air source heat pumps are the most common option in the UK; they are generally cheaper and quicker to install and suit many homes with outdoor space. - Ground source heat pumps can be more efficient year‑round but require more disruptive and costly groundworks, making them better suited to rural properties or large gardens. - Homes with low heat loss, good insulation and appropriately sized radiators or underfloor heating are generally better matches for heat pumps. - Correct sizing requires a heat‑loss calculation; an undersized system may struggle in cold weather while an oversized one can run less efficiently. Summary: Heat pumps can reduce household carbon emissions but perform best when a property's insulation and heat distribution are suitable. A professional home survey and a heat‑loss assessment are commonly reported as essential to confirm suitability and correct sizing. Homeowners in England and Wales can access the Boiler Upgrade Scheme, which offers a £7,500 grant toward installations.