Heart Attack Symptoms: Surprising signs and how doctors say to respond

Chest pain is common, but heart attacks can also present with symptoms such as shortness of breath, jaw or arm discomfort, nausea or unexplained pressure, and doctors report that quicker recognition and prompt emergency evaluation improve outcomes.

A heart attack (myocardial infarction) occurs when blood flow to the heart is blocked and oxygen delivery is limited. While chest discomfort is a well-known warning sign, clinicians say heart attacks can present with a wide range of symptoms. Experts quoted in the article emphasize that faster recognition is linked with better outcomes because earlier treatment can restore blood flow. The piece also reports concerns about unequal treatment for some groups, which can affect care and results. Key facts: - Symptoms reported by clinicians include shortness of breath, pressure or discomfort in the chest, pain or discomfort radiating to the jaw, neck, back or arm, unexplained nausea, lightheadedness, and unusual or persistent fatigue. - Doctors in the article said heart attack presentations can differ by sex and in people with conditions such as diabetes, and that these differences can complicate diagnosis. - The article reports that emergency evaluation typically includes an electrocardiogram to diagnose a heart attack and, when a blocked artery is found, coronary angiography with possible balloon angioplasty and stent placement. - The reporting notes documented disparities: some studies and clinicians say women and people of color have been less likely to receive timely or complete treatment for heart attack symptoms. Summary: Clinicians reported that heart attacks can show varied and sometimes subtle symptoms beyond chest pain, and that how quickly symptoms are recognized is a strong predictor of outcomes. In clinical practice described in the article, hospitals use ECGs and may perform coronary angiography and interventional procedures if a blockage is identified; the exact next steps depend on the hospital diagnosis and treatment plans and are undetermined at this time.