Reasonable drinking and who should avoid alcohol

Medical experts say the safest alcohol level is probably zero but note many people drink; they identify higher risk for those with early drinking onset, a family history of alcoholism, or certain health risks for women.

Doctors and researchers discussed what counts as ‘‘reasonable’’ drinking and who may face greater risk from alcohol use. They said the safest level of alcohol is likely zero, but also acknowledged that a majority of adults drink and that guidance often aims to be realistic. Experts emphasized that harm varies by individual factors such as personal history, tolerance and family background. They also noted social and stress-relief reasons people may choose to drink. Key points: - A recent survey found about 40% of adults plan to drink less in 2026, according to reporting. - Some experts said the safest alcohol level is probably zero, though certain studies report small amounts may carry limited risk for some people. - Binge drinking and drinking alone were described by clinicians as particularly harmful behaviors. - Clinicians cited higher addiction risk when the first drink occurs before age 14 and when alcoholism runs in the family; up to about 10% of people may experience alcohol as strongly rewarding. - Drinking has been reported as particularly linked with increased hormone-related cancer risk for women. - Experts acknowledged social and enjoyment aspects of drinking but said overall mortality benefits from alcohol are not supported by current evidence. Summary: The reporting highlights that risks and potential small benefits of alcohol depend on individual factors, including age of first use and family history. Undetermined at this time.